> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://handbook.teddwa.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://handbook.teddwa.xyz/burns/face-and-airway-burns.md).

# Face and airway burns

Protect the airway, cool external burns, and arrange urgent transport.

### Immediate actions

1. Complete the primary assessment (ABCs).
2. Look for soot, facial burns, singed nasal hair, hoarseness, or noisy breathing.
3. Apply high concentration oxygen and continuous oxygen saturation monitoring.

### Protect the airway

Airway swelling can develop quickly after smoke or heat exposure. Call emergency services and transport urgently if there is hoarseness, wheezing, stridor, worsening breathing, or altered consciousness.

Keep the patient upright if breathing is difficult. Do not place anything in their mouth or attempt to inspect beyond what is visible.

### Treat external burns

Cool intact skin with cool running water when safe. Loosely cover external burns with a sterile burn dressing.

Do not apply pressure over the eyes. Do not break blisters.

### Transport

Facial burns require urgent medical assessment. Continuously reassess airway, breathing, and oxygen saturation.

ALS should prepare for airway deterioration. Treat severe pain with fentanyl, morphine, or ketamine when appropriate.

Prepare for early endotracheal intubation when there is stridor, progressive hoarseness, facial or neck swelling, respiratory distress, or deteriorating consciousness.


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